Compare & Contract: Replication;Transcription;Translation

Compare and Contract: Replication, Transcription, and Translation

	Initiation	Elongation	Termination
Replication	DNA Helicase Single-stranded binding protein DNA gyrase Primase: to make RNA primers	DNA polymerase III	DNA polymerase I Ligase
Transcription	Transcription factors (->proteins) TATA box (->DNA) RNA polymerase II (->protein)	RNA polymerase II	AAUAAA sequence (RNA)
Translation	Ribosome: recognize a specific sequences (usually, AUG; occasionally, GUG, UUG) moves along the mRNA three nucleotides at a time	Transfer RNA(tRNA): delivers the appropriate amino acid and the polypeptide chain stops when ribosome reaches a specific sequence (UAA,UAG,UGA) that does note code for and an amino acid but is instead a “stop” signal	The ribosome falls off the mRNA the polypeptide chain is released

Scientists' Great Contributions

Friedrich Miescher

Friedrich Miescher

Johannes Friedrich Miescher, a Swiss physician and biologist who was born on 13 August 1844 in Basel and died on 26 August 1895 in Davos, at the age of 51. He was known as the first researcher to isolate and identify nucleic acid.

Ewrin Chargaff

Ewrin Chargaff

Ewrin Chargaff

Erwin Chargaff was born in Czernowitz, August 11, 1905 and died in New York City, USA, June 20, 2002. He was an Austrian biochemist and later on he emigrated to the United States during the Nazi era. Chargaff had discovered two rules that helped lead to the discovery of the double helix structure of DNA.

1)   % of Adenine = % of Thymine 

      % of Cytosine = % of Guanine

2)   the composition of DNA varies from one species to another, in particular in the relative amounts of A, G, T, and C bases



James D. Watson & Francis Crick

        James D. Watson & Francis Crick

James D. Watson & Francis Crick

Francis Crick (8 June 1916 – 28 July 2004) and James Dewey Watson (6 April 1928- ). They are best known as the discoverers of the structure of DNA in 1953. They proposed the double helix structure of the DNA molecule.

James D. Watson & Francis Crick

Barbara McClintock

Barbara McClintock

Barbara McClintock

Birth: June 16, 1902 - September 2, 1992

Identity: American scientist work in a field of Cytogenetics

Nobel Prize: 1983 in Physiology or Medicine

Contributions: Barbara discovered that genes are able to change position on chromosomes during the reproduction of maize

J.Craig Venter

John Craig Venter

J.Craig Venter

Birth: October 14, 1946 – now

Identity: American biologist and entrepreneur

Contributions: Craig Venter was the first one who sequences the human genome; a report was published on Nature in 2008. And also, he created the first cell with a synthetic genome in 2010.

What should I say for the first time?

The year of Grade 12 is a fun year..(punch myself)
oky, let's start again ^_^

There will be lots of funs and interesting stuff in our class -.- Just look at the level of laughter has never go down under 9 (maximum is ten -w-) in our first class... I bet that we will get more excited afterward...

ps: If I remember right, there will be a speaker from U of T coming on monday. I must not be late on monday...o(>﹏<)o Leave home early! fight >///<

Have fun  o(∩_∩)o
Good luck to myself and all you guys >.<